Effects of Terrorist Attack Essay Example for Free

Effects of Terrorist Attack Essay Although often caused by nature, disasters can have human origins. Often it is the unpredictability of such disasters that causes fear, confusion and stress that have a lasting effect on the affected community. In recent history, the Sept 11th terrorist attack is one such example. This paper will examine the terrorists’ motivation towards committing the attack and the effect it had on the American society. According to Pedahzur (2006), terrorist groups exist for the purpose of planning and executing attacks to accomplish their mission. Included among the objectives of terrorism are demonstrating the group’s power over population and government, exact revenge for perceived persecution and satisfy the group’s vengeance while at the same time gaining publicity for their actions. Accordingly, the September 11 attacks can be interpreted both as a direct signal to the United States to behave in a certain way and as an indirect signal to potential sympathizers that the united states is not invulnerable. Looking at it from this point of view, it can be debated that the most important cause of the terrorist attack was to diminish US prestige in the Arab world by sending the message that the symbols of UC economic, military and political power could be attacked (Pedahzur, 2006). Terrorism can cause cascading effects that can have global effects. As the term alludes, terrorism is designed to evoke fear in its victims. This can lead to psychological as well as social effects, such as suspicion and exclusion of certain religious or ethnic groups even though they may have no association with the terrorist or terrorist organization. Fear for the unknown can cause people to react in an unpredictable manner. Before the attack, of September 11th 2001, Americans did not worry much about terrorism; after the attack, they were extremely worried. This Psychological effect of terrorism brought about hate and racial prejudice in a society that had tolerated diversity (Pedahzur, 2006). Considering the economic effect of the September 11, 2001 terrorist attack can be depressing at times. The U.  S monetary loss as a result of the September 11 attack is estimated at $ 500 billion (Butler, Allison, Panzer Goldfrank, 2003). Besides the loss of a huge number of jobs, the economy of lower Manhattan, which by itself is the third largest business district in the United States, was devastated in the immediate aftermath of the attack. Butler et al (2003), approximate that 30% of lower Manhattan office space was either damaged or destroyed. It is also worthwhile to remember that NASDAQ and the New York Stock Exchange did not open on September 11th till September 17th. This closure of the market was the longest since the great Depression of 1929. In conclusion, Since September 11th 2001, things have not been the same in the United States of America. Thanks to premeditated hate actions by an extremist jihadist group, a lot of lives were lost, people were hurt and property worth billions destroyed in just a few hours. The effect of such actions cannot be overemphasized, and the only protection that innocent citizens have is to hope that such disasters will not occur again.

LITERATURE REVIEW: Theories on Student Attrition :: Essays Papers

LITERATURE REVIEW: Theories on Student Attrition Since the early 70s theorists have pondered the causes of college dropout. Generally referred to as â€Å"student attrition,† this problem has spurred numerous causal theories and theoretical models. Vincent Tinto led the research with his revolutionary 1973 study, which he later revised (1987) amid criticism from other luminaries in the field, most notably Bean, Astin, Terenzini, and Pascarella. It is on the work of these scholars (including also Tinto) that all modern research in the student attrition field is based. I found and will review in brief some of the extensive research from Tinto to the present, including the basic criticisms therein. I will further explain the steps some colleges are currently taking to counteract this increasingly important issue. Little or no research was conducted on student attrition prior to Tinto, and every piece of research I found contained several references to him and his work. Ishitani and DesJardins claim that the majority of research on the subject has been based on Tinto’s model (7), as does Metz in his research review (4). Metz, however, goes on to assert that Tinto’s main source was a certain Rites of Passage, by Arnold van Gennep. Focusing on the anthropological perspective of human â€Å"rites of passage,† van Gennep’s study elucidates the basic human nature behind much of the college experience. Tinto primarily utilizes the chapter entitled â€Å"Initiation Rites† in his model, a chapter in which van Gennep claims â€Å"that physiological puberty and ‘social puberty’ are essentially different† (Gennep 65). Tinto sees the transition from high school to college as a form of this â€Å"social puberty.† Tinto further a rgues that the maturation process is â€Å"marked by three distinct phases or stages, each with its own specialized ceremonies and rituals†¦[e]ach serv[ing] to move individuals from youthful participation to full adult membership in society† (Tinto 92). College, according to van Gennep and Tinto therefore, is simply part of this sociological maturation process. Tinto’s original theory involved five specific factors that contributed to student retention: (1) a student’s pre-entry attributes (prior schooling and family background); (2) goals and commitment (the student’s individual aspirations in the institution); (3) experience at the institution (academics and faculty and peer interactions); (4) external commitments while at the institution; (5) integration both academically and socially (Metz 4).

Analysis of Mc Donald’s Operations

Mac Dona's Case Study McDonald's Is one of the best-known brands worldwide and Its core business being basically fast-food: it specializes in burgers (Big Mac) and fries. While other restaurants stick to their conventional menu will rarely innovate, McDonald's on the other hand has been able to adapt to the local demand in a global environment by catering their menu to the local taste. This continuous product innovation & improvement based on detailed market research has helped keeping the brand ahead of Its competitors and contributed to further enhance the existing reputation f the brand.In order to have this competitive edge. McDonald's has taken some key measures to name a few along the years, namely: Aggressive market research to continuously adapt to the changing needs and tastes of its customer, for e. G. Seeking more food variety and gradually shifting towards healthier eating. Value added services to adapt to people's busy lives with great focus on convenience. More choice a nd better pricing strategy to ensure excellent value for money; for e. G. Extra value meals and combination of menus Process standardization and attention to details to ensure product quality In each and every outlets.Mac Dona's business model has been built on a specific target population (working people, teenagers), I. E. Those in need for fast and inexpensive menu. Now with consumer's becoming more health focus, Mac Dona's asset could be turned into liability as Mac Dona's would be the last based on low-calorie-low-cholesterol menu. Analysis of Mac Dona's Operations By Ayatollah-Shaffer McDonald's is one of the best-known brands worldwide and its core business being basically fast-food; it specializes in burgers (Big Mac) and fries.While other ahead of its competitors and contributed to further enhance the existing reputation of the brand. In order to have this competitive edge, McDonald's has taken some key ensure product quality in each and every outlets. A number of key decisi ons and food items to respond quickly to the fluctuating demands.

Negritude Positive - 1108 Words

Name: Ginea Dean Lecturer: Dr. Ada McKenzie Section: 20 Due Date: February 14th, 2013 Informal Text-Based Argumentative Essay Negritude’s positive? Yes the ideology is, but why must we waste our time searching for our racial identity, heritage, and culture? Why waste our precious time searching for racial identity, when we could use that time to fight for equality between the races? You tell us, when we find our racial identity what then must we do with it? Continue to be restricted from doing certain things and going certain places because of our racial line? I agree with Du Bois’s argument, that racial identification is a hindrance and that it distracts us from the more important goal of fighting for equality between the races.†¦show more content†¦It takes away discrimination, it allows everyone to realize that we are all equal no matter what racial group we belong to or what shade of color our skin is, but to remind us that we are all one. Caste system in The Concept of Race was described to as a dark cave and prison by Du Bois. Displaying how entombed souls are hindered in their development, expression, and natural movement. That racial identity acted as shackles around his feet, what is so funny is that in Leopold Sedar Senghor Negritude: A Humanism of the Twentieth Century negritude was described as being an instrument of freedom. Negritude is not an instrument of liberation, but an ideology that allows us to be aware of our racial identity, heritage and culture. Therefore negritude is just an idea that makes us aware of our race, nothing more nothing less. To destroy the caste system we need equality to release entombed souls so they don’t be hindered from development, expression, and natural movement as well as to break the shackle from around our feet so that we can be truly free. Negritude: A Humanism of the Twentieth Century was challenged by The concept of Race. I say this because in A Humanism of the Twentieth Century negritude was said to be an instrument of liberation but in The Concept of Race it acted as chains around Du Bois feet. The Concept of Race challenges Negritude by stating that you suppose to be an instrument of freedom, butShow MoreRelatedIntellectual Of Electrical Engineering : The Negritude1305 Words   |  6 PagesIntellectual to electrical engineering The Negritude By the end of the 19th century, most of Africans were living under some form of European colonial domination. The history of Africa and its Diaspora was dismissed as insignificant at best, inexistent at worse. Black cultures were ridiculed, stereotyped, and scorned. So the concept of Negritude emerged as the expression of a revolt against the historical situation of French colonialism and racism. Negritude was both a literary and ideological movementRead MoreHistory And Culture Of The Negritude Movement1658 Words   |  7 PagesNegritude refers to a cultural movement that was launched by French-speaking black graduate students back in the 1930s in Paris from Africa and the Caribbean territories of France s colonies. These black intellectuals gathered around issues of black internationalist and race identity initiatives to fight the imperialism by the French government. They found strength in their mutual idea of affirming pride in their shared African heritage and black identity and reclaiming self-respect, self-relianceRead MoreThe Pan Africanism For Beginners1823 Words   |  8 Pagesideals. One instance that stood out to me was the change from The Harlem Renaissance and Negritude. The Harlem Renaissance section ended by listing the names of influential people during the twenties and thirties. There then was a swift change into the next topic of Negritude. Without notici ng the change in the heading at the top of the page, a reader could easily believe that the definition of negritude was associated with the Harlem Renaissance. This may have been on purpose, but a reader whoRead MoreThe Pan Africanism For Beginners1829 Words   |  8 Pagesideals. One instance that stood out to me was the change from The Harlem Renaissance and Negritude. The Harlem Renaissance section ended by listing the names of influential people during the twenties and thirties. There then was a swift change into the next topic of Negritude. Without noticing the change in the heading at the top of the page, a reader could easily believe that the definition of negritude was associated with the Harlem Renaissance. A transition that either showed the linkage betweenRead MoreIn What Ways Does Mariama Ba Use the Male Characters in Scarlet Song as an Influence on Ousmane‚Äà ´s Relationship with Mireille?1120 Words   |  5 Pagescouple are able to make sacrifices and com promises for each other. While it is apparent that Mireille really wants the marriage to work, as she has made a sacrifice by moving to Senegal, Ousmane still keeps the same mindset towards embracing his negritude where no room is left for considering Mireille’s feelings. Lamine tells him that he â€Å"wants happiness without making any sacrifices.† (98), but this will not work in a marriage where it is â€Å"based on tolerance and a human approach.† (99). Lamine isRead MoreThe Literary Representation Of History1982 Words   |  8 Pagesinsertion of ‘l’homme africain’ into history (Sarkozy, 2007). In the late nineteenth and early twentieth centuries, Europeans similarly believed that Africa lacked a collective historical consciousness (Parker and Rathbone, 2007: 3). However since the negritude movement and the emergence of a vast library of African literature, Africa has firmly established itself in history. It is important that we appreciat e both translations of ‘histoire’ in the context of African literature. Whether we consider it toRead MoreRace, Hegemony, and Cultural Participation1699 Words   |  7 Pagesshe made to participate in the culture of and graduate from Princeton motivates her to support her own community with diligent and sincere efforts for positive change. If Michelle Obama had attended a school in France when she wrote her thesis, the stance she took regarding the Ivy League culture would have been regarded as an expression of Negritude, which is a rejection of Anglo-French colonialism and hegemony, as well as an expression of connection to all individuals with heritage in the AfricanRead More African Diaspora Essay2370 Words   |  10 Pagespre-colonial global dispersion and resettlement of Africans. These communities of relocated Africans identified and maintained a connection with Africa, while still maintaining a Loyalty to their adopted country and making valid and positive contributions. This brings us to a new question, what exactly then are the identities of the African Diaspora and how was that identity forged under (in and after) slavery? Avatar Brah best illuminates the journey of identity Read MoreThe Telephone Conversation by Wole Soyinka2243 Words   |  9 PagesThe Telephone Conversation by Wole Soyinka The Nigerian playwright Wole Soyinka (born 1935) was one of the few African writers to denounce the slogan of Negritude as a tool of autocracy. He also was the first black African to be awarded the Nobel Prize in Literature. Wole Soyinka was born July 13, 1934 in Abeokuta a village on the banks of the River Ogun in the western area of Nigeria. His mother was a Christian convert so devout that he nicknamed her Wild Christian and he father was the scholarlyRead MoreRole of African Elites in Dismantling Decolonization5146 Words   |  21 Pagessmashed with big books. (P Bitek: 1985: 117) In Decolonizing the Mind, Ngugi observes that the lack of congruency between colonial education and Africa s reality created people abstracted from their reality. Little wonder, therefore that the negritude poets try to achieve disalienation through identification with Africa, African values and African origins. They yearn for their lost identity and the lost African heritage. Leon Dumas writes that th e whites have stolen the space that was mine.