Best College Essay Writing Service

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The Relationship Between Globalization and Nationalism - 1925 Words

Seek to Establish the Relationship Between Globalization and Nationalism (Research Paper Sample) Content: NameProfessorCourse NumberDateGlobalization versus NationalismIn several ways, globalization affects nationalism, but it doesnt mean that its the end of individual states sovereignty (Daphne Kaplan, 2013). In the words of Larsson (2001), globalization can be defined as the increased interaction between different nations regarding communication between citizens, culture, and trade. Nationalism is a shared feeling among people of the same geographical locality of independence for their culture and ethnicity which holds those people together. They feel that they have the right of possessing their land and keeping away one who seems to be a threat to their independence and sovereignty (Herb Kaplan, 2008). Each country across the world today is independent regarding some aspects such as leadership. With globalization, the face of this independence is changing every day. Countries are coming dependent on each other in many ways such as trade and increased communication. I n some regions, people can sell their goods without any tax being imposed on the goods being sold. This essay will be answering one critical question; does globalization undermine nationalism?In the words of Spencer Wollman (2002), people of a nation can exercise sovereignty if they all have some sense of solidarity regarding their values which they believe in and their custom. The aspect of nationalism started long ago even before globalization. People started fighting for their beliefs and boundaries at the onset of civilization. It is a nationalism that caused many wars in the 20th century including the First World War. Nations could rise and fight with others to protect their sovereignty. With the emergence of globalization, countries are now more connected than never before (Steger, 2009). People are crossing boundaries and moving from one country to another. Nations are still keen to counter globalization by having strict conditions for those moving into their countries (Herb Kaplan, 2008). This is regarding having a valid visa card and getting permission from the immigrant authorities. Some nations are not at all accepting citizens of different countries because of their nationalistic measures. All in all, the various aspects of globalization discussed below have adverse effects on globalization.Since trade seems to be at the forefront of globalization, it will be the first issue of discussion in this paper. Trade can be defined as the exchange of goods and services for a mutual benefit among the different parties involved (Bridges, 2002). From the recent statics by credited organizations such as the World Trade Organization and the World Bank shows the level of international trade being very high. Countries are buying regarding Agricultural products, industrial goods and oil is there like never before. In some countries, especially those that are landlocked, importation of products is paramount. They have no other choice except importing. Others have to import products since they dont have the capacity of producing useful goods and machinery such as the cars. The primary reason as to why countries trade is that no country can provide all the products its citizens needs (Bridges, 2002). Therefore, nationals of different countries must purchase which consequently leads to globalization. In this aspect, nationalism is affected since people have to cross boundaries while trading.The aspect of technology is inevitable when someone talks of globalization. It is through technology that the interaction among people in different nations has become so rampant in the modern world (Steger, 2009). For instance, it is through technology that the mobile phone was invented. The mobile has enabled someone living in an Asia communicate with someone in Europe at a glance. In the past, things were different; it was impossible for people to communicate such easily and fast between people in different continents. In another scenario, it is technolog y that some countries can manufacture essential products like tractors. These products are then exported to other nations which do not have very high levels of technology something which increases interaction between different countries. Over the years, technology has grown tremendously in some countries like China (Steger, 2009). They have the capacity to construct things like electric trains and super highways. Since not every country has such levels of technology and tactics especially countries in Africa, their expertise is needed there. This makes some of the nationals to move out of their country to go and help others in foreign countries something which leads to globalization and consequently crossing of nationalism boundaries.The aspect of people searching opportunities in foreign nations is critical in this discussion. Nowadays, the number of foreigners who have come to seek for opportunities in each country has increased significantly (Daphne Kaplan, 2013). People are mov ing from their motherland to look for greener pastures.' According to Bridges (2002), the level of opportunities across different nations is not always the same. To start with, the standard of employment opportunities across countries is very different; some nations have job opportunities whereas others dont have. Secondly, the demand for your product might be very high in an individual country while in another nation, might be very low due to some factors such as cultural beliefs. Others may want to expand the market for their products, and therefore they move to other countries to seek a market for their products. Thirdly, people are moving from their motherland due to harshly unfavorable conditions such as war, and extreme weather conditions. They move to other countries seeking for more favorable conditions for living. All these factors, they contribute to globalization and consequently to a reduced level of nationalism among countries.Nations across the world are becoming inter dependent than never before; the fate of some countries is linked to the fate of another sovereign state (Steger, 2009). This whole scenario is the primary feature of globalization, and it is entirely possible for those countries that try to avoid any ties with other nations to follow behind (Herb Kaplan, 2008). However, all countries are keen not to go to the extreme part of globalization that might diminish their independence. To achieve this, states have some strategies that are well placed. One primary strategy is in the field of leadership. There are enacted laws that allow only those people who are citizens by birth to vie for various leadership positions of the country such as the presidency. Noncitizens are not given any chances to contend for the same. This ensures that even if globalization has enabled people to move from their motherland and move into foreign countries where they acquire the citizenship, the nationalism of that nation is still protected by preventing for eigners from the ruling.Steger (2009) argues that globalization has become the antithesis of nationalism since it means that there are no boundaries but all nations are just one globe. The world is simultaneously evolving; it is continuously growing much closer and apart at the same time. The borders of different states are becoming less important (Larsson, 2001). This means that due to globalization, the long-lived aspect of nationalism is no longer keeping citizens together and drawing a visible boundary between different countries. Furthermore, the time when nationalism was at its peak has already passed. Its power and relevance have reduced significantly in the recent years. In the past centuries, nations had very clear well lay national borders, strong traditions and a sense of nationalism among people and very limited ways of contacting others living in a different country. Nowadays, things are very fast and are integrated together such that it is almost impossible to identify people regarding their nationalities. This is all possible because of globalization. If the aspect of globalization isnt there, nationalism could have maintained the same significance it had in the past centuries (Herb Kaplan, 2008).Globalization has led to the integration of culture across the world (Larsson, 2001). The world has come from the scenario of national culture to mixed cultures. This has resulted in a homogenized global culture than nationalism. In the past, people of different nations had their cultural beliefs which they all embraced. They had a way of doing certain things like festivals, a unique way of dressing and a unique way of building houses. People used to envy their culture and pushed away anyone who could come to interrupt their way of life. This was one important symbol of nationalism. With the growing aspect of globalization, things have changed. Through the quite visible levels of interaction, people have exchanged their cultural beliefs and style of li ving. According to Spencer Wollman (2002), people are now accepting the culture of foreigners provided that it looks up to date and trendy. They are now changing their traditional and nationalistic ways of doing things. For instance, people are now building their houses and conducting their national ceremonies in a way similar to that of other nations.According to Daphne Sophia (2013), both globalization and nationalism have a mixed relationship. Nationalism has led the rise and growth of globalization while in turn, globalization has promoted nationalism. The reason behind this is that each nation individually participates and gives something remarkable to the globe in a successful collective action. Each independent country in the world has its unique contribution towards the current state ...

The Training For Volunteer Emergency Service - 1570 Words

In 1942, the United States Navy implemented what it considered an emergency program. The WAVES or Women Accepted for Volunteer Emergency Service was established to bolster the Reserve component with competent personnel. In 1948 women allowed permanent status in the Armed Services. The Armed Forces are now gearing up for the full integration of women into all aspects of the Armed Services by 2016. There are serious practical barriers, which if not approached in a deliberate manner, could adversely impact the health of our Service members and reduce mission accomplishment. This research paper will provide insight into the concerns of integration, unit cohesion, good order and discipline, privacy, physical differences between men and women,†¦show more content†¦I myself am uncertain of what these changes will bring, but just as my counterparts in the military I am woefully uninformed on this topic. There does not seem to be much movement in the military to assess anything but t he positives of this outcome while ignoring the questions I will be researching throughout this paper. How does a combat landscape affect women s biological requirements and reproductive rights? What are some of the Psychological impacts of women s integration into Combat Units? What changes might need to be made to allow women to join these special combat groups in regards to established standards? Many people inside of the military and a great majority outside want women integrated into combat roles as a gender equality issue, though the details are lost in social activism, whether or not the integration is worthwhile for the military is open to discussion. There are many challenges to providing logistically for women in combat zones or forward deployed bases, to accommodate a more hygienic and psychologically positive environment. The combat zone is particularly not conducive to either gender hygienically speaking, yet more so for women. â€Å"Difficulty maintaining menstrual hy giene is another frequently reported concern for women. Due to the often unsanitary living conditions as well as the lack of consistent access to bathrooms and shower facilities,

Audit Theory and Practice in Businessâ€Free Samples for Students

Question: Discuss About the Audit Theory and Practice in Business? Answer: Introducation It is embedded that if a business is being conducted risk is going to follow. However, chances of inherent risk are quite high with the existence of the business. Though various audit procedures are being undertaken, audit training are being conducted, internal control functions are being implemented inspite of all the above measures, the inherent risks cannot be detected. Though these risks cannot be escaped completely although mitigation from these risks are quite obvious. OneTel is a telecommunication company with its business having a global presence. The company has a huge market presence in Australia. It provides a variety of integrated services as well as products to its customers. The main business of the company is into innovation and technology. Although there are more than 35 network providers in the telecommunication industry in Australia and are competing with each other, still OneTel was the leading market player initially. Due to the smaller companies entering the telecommunication industry the customers got benefitted from this. The call rates and the other communication services got cheaper and competitive prices started ruling the industry. Also the various telephonic services i.e. international calls and the long distance calls got cheaper. Although OneTel was leading in the market and had the major stake in the industry although with the introduction of smaller companies there was a decline in the market share of the company (Cook, 20 01). Let us discuss the various factors which ultimately led to the inherent risk assessment at the financial reporting level of the company: The cash flow of the company clearly shows the movement of the funds of the company wherein special care needs to be undertaken by the management. The cash flow and the financials is showing that the company has taken multiple short term, medium term and long term loans during the year. However if there are huge chances of fraud, misstatements and mistakes which could have been avoided had there been control risk measurement measures (Douglas et. al, 2015). The issue of shares also requires effective inherent risk assessment procedures. Also when it comes to valuation of intangible assets the management should make sure that the valuation is done fairly. Some risk mitigation measurements should be undertaken so that no inherent risk could be detected (Cook, 2001). The cash flow statement of the company was also showing that the company has purchased its license in the year 2000. For a telecommunication company, the major financial planning is required in the purchase, registration, m aintenance, capitalization and amortization of the accounts after the purchase of the license. A high-level assessment of inherent risks is required (Cook, 2001). The financials of the company was showing that there was an increase in the amount of plant and machinery which apparently was evidencing that there was a purchase of the plant and machinery. Purchase of the plant and machinery involves huge finances hence the top level management of the company is only involved in taking decisions relating to purchasing of plant and machinery. Inherent risk assessment procedures should be in place as the decision involves various aspects of the purchase as to from where it should be purchased, how it should be purchased, how the requirements would be fulfilled after the purchase of the assets, how the finances will be managed relating to the purchase of the assets. The abnormal items in the financials such as accumulated losses should be dealt with the utmost care. As huge inherent risk assessments are involved hence the management must intervene in decisions relating to computation, maintenance and writing off the accumulated losses from the books of accounts (Gilbert Terry 2005). The most complex job of any organization is when the company is running on the funds funded by the investors i.e. when the company has the funds of the shareholders. The financials of the company is reflecting that the company has raised funds by issuing its shares as the share position of the company was 6 million $ in 1999 and it has reached to 1225.6 million $ in 2000 (Cook, 2001). Though the shares were dematerialized still inherent risk assessment is required in the process of issue of shares, allotment of shares etc. The risks associated with the going concern principle of the business are basically termed as a strategic risk. These are the risks which arise due to the wrong decisions are taken by the topmost level of management. Hence it requires continuous and long-term effort of the management to continuously review the same (Wood, 2011). Whenever the management might not be able to impose the necessary plans and actions or whenever an incorrect decision might have been taken by the management, there arise a high chance of the existence of strategic risk. All planning risks are identified as strategic risks (Monem, 2009). As mentioned above, purchase of rights and licenses, issues of shares are all identified at strategic risk assessment level only. As every management decision follows a top-down approach, the risk assessment also follows the top-down approach. Strategic risks are recognized at the management level, however, inherent and control risks are recognized at the individual transacti on level. It is all on us to judge the level of inherent risk. An individuals judgment is always associated with the measure of risk. A system always contains inherent risk irrespective of the risk management strategy. One can overcome detection risk and control but its the inherent risk that requires farsightedness and judgment of the management. However, there are various factors on which the impact of inherent entirely depends. The various factors are as under: increased inherent risks are favoured by related party transactions. Managements obvious emotional bias towards the transaction is a cause of it. So, a related party transaction poses as another fair factor which results in an increase in the inherent risks of an organization. Potential debt covenant also adds to inherent risks. In the given case itself, it is seen that OneTel takes huge loans and all loans come with covenants. Moreover, serious consequences follow violations of corporate debt covenants. The company has made losses. Following other covenants, repayment of loans and its interest is not a surprisingly easy talk. The risk of management override exists (Monem, 2009). Detection and removal of the risk become a struggling issue if the management tries to overplay. A strong audit team leads to a reduction in risks. On talking about the company as well as its transactions, the incompetence of the audit personal causing inherent risks is missed (Geoffrey et. al, 2016). Inhere nt risks are always posed by an incompetent audit team. The demand for training, expertise, and knowledge of audit personnel is a must to mitigate and detect risks. An increase in inherent risks is favored by abnormal events, transactions, or any non-routine activity. Transactions involving ideas and estimates related to management are prone to inherent risks due to situations subjectivity. Speculations and adjustments are invited by abnormal activities which in turn increases the chances of inherent risks. Fair value determination, computation of estimates, etc. pose the inherent risk (Cappelleto, 2010). Management and measurement of transactions and events require estimates and idea of the management that may or may not always hold good for the business. A risk always sustains. Depending on the nature of the business, the large network of companies is the major and the most obvious factor that leads to the increase in inherent risk. Chances of risk increase with a wider network and large the number of companies in it. What contributes to the increase of the inherent risk are: existence of large number of companies as subsidiaries, holdings, associates, partnerships and joint ventures (Cappelleto, 2010). There can be more entities the company has to manage off balance sheet as well. With the growth of managements complexity the ability of the management to negate inherent risks reduce. Going-concern principle is the most important aspect of any organization. Hence for each company the directors and the auditors while defining the audit process must discuss and find out any opportunity which seems to affect the going concern principle as soon as possible. There are various factors which can create a set back to the going concern principle of an organization. Although the unexpected economic crisis is not in the hands of the management, however, the management should make sure that controlled decisions must be taken to avoid any such crisis (Matthew, 2015). The few factors identified are symptoms evidencing withdrawal of credit support, major failure of debt repayment, loss or withdrawal of key management personnel and that too without replacement, year on year losses being faced by the company, non-fulfillment of creditors covenants, continuous erosion of the companys assets, consecutive losses and companys inability to face competition. The factors as mentioned abo ve leads to the erosion of the reputation, huge losses of the finance thereby eroding the financial position of the company and also affecting the going concern assumption of the company (Vause, 2009). While some factors can be controlled by the company but there are few factors which cannot be controlled by the company. In order to avert the situation wherein the going concern principle of the company can be hampered, the management should take a special interest in ensuring that such errors must be avoided. Few examples wherein the situations are beyond the control of the management area change of the trend ruling the market thereby the company not being able to cope with the sudden change hence leading to failure of the entity in the market, natural calamities, etc (Wood, 2011). Going-concern principle is the most important aspect of any organization. Hence for each company the directors and the auditors while defining the audit process must discuss and find out any opportunity w hich seems to affect the going concern principle as soon as possible (Goodstein, 2011). There are various factors which can create a set back to the going concern principle of an organization. Although the unexpected economic crisis is not in the hands of the management, however, the management should make sure that controlled decisions must be taken to avoid any such crisis. The few factors identified are symptoms evidencing withdrawal of credit support, major failure of debt repayment, loss or withdrawal of key management personnel and that too without replacement, year on year losses being faced by the company, non-fulfillment of creditors covenants, continuous erosion of the companys assets, consecutive losses and companys inability to face competition (Elder et. al, 2010). The factors as mentioned above leads to the erosion of the reputation, huge losses of the finance thereby eroding the financial position of the company and also affecting the going concern assumption of the c ompany. While some factors can be controlled by the company but there are few factors which cannot be controlled by the company (Black, 2010). Analysis The risks associated with the going concern principle of the business are basically termed as strategic risk. These are the risks which arise due to the wrong decisions taken by the topmost level of management. Hence it requires continuous and long term effort of the management to continuously review the same. Whenever the management might not be able to impose the necessary plans and actions or whenever an incorrect decision might have been taken by the management, there arise a high chance of the existence of strategic riskThe management of the company should set various parameters through which it can measure its own capability to change with the sudden change and adapt itself to the market conditions. Hence the companies should set an indicator of low, medium or high and also how fast the action needs to be taken. All these safeguards would necessarily help the business to have a look at a broader picture and to take a better action. The management of the company should set vario us parameters through which it can measure its own capability to change with the sudden change and adapt itself to the market conditions. Hence the companies should set an indicator of low, medium or high and also how fast the action needs to be taken. All these safeguards would necessarily help the business to have a look at a broader picture and to take a better action. References Black, W. K 2010, Epidemics of Control Fraud lead to Recurrent, Intensifying Bubbles and Crises, Working paper, University of Missouri-Kansas City. Cappelleto, G. 2010, Challenges Facing Accounting Education in Australia, AFAANZ, Cook, T 2001, Collapse of Australia's fourth largest telco adds to growing list of corporate failures viewed 15 May 2017 https://www.wsws.org/en/articles/2001/06/onte-j08.html Douglas M.B, Todd, D.F Hermanson, D.R 2015, The Effects of Internal Audit Report Type and Reporting Relationship on Internal Auditors' Risk, Judgments Accounting Horizons vol. 29, no. 3, pp. 695-718. Elder, J. R, Beasley S. M. Arens A. A 2010, Auditing and Assurance Services, Person Education, New Jersey: USA Geoffrey D. B,Joleen K,K. Kelli SDavid A. W 2016, Attracting Applicants for In-House and Outsourced Internal Audit Positions: Views from External Auditors, Accounting Horizons, vol. 30, no. 1, pp. 143-156. Gilbert, W. J Terry J. E 2005, The Use of Control Self-Assessment by Independent Auditors, The CPA Journal, vol. 3, pp. 66-92 Goodstein, E 2011, Ethics and Economics, Economics and the Environment, Wiley Matthew S. E 2015, Does Internal Audit Function Quality Deter Management Misconduct?, The Accounting Review, vol. 90, no. 2, pp. 495-527 Monem, R 2009, The Life and Death of OneTel, Griffith University. Vause, B 2009, Guide to Analysing Companies, Bloomberg Press Wood, D A 2011,The Effect of Using the Internal Audit Function as a Management Training Ground on the External Auditor's Reliance Decision, The Accounting Review, vol. 86. No. 6

Torah Scripture Essays - Book Of Exodus, Covenant,

Torah Scripture Introduction to the Torah Scripture Introduction to Scriptures in general and Hebrew Scriptures in particular The Torah A. Introduction to the Torah B. Begin exploring the Torah's themes and content The Torah in the New Testament and the Book of Common Prayer Part I Introduction Scripture In General Doctrine of Inspiration The Bible is: A single Divine revelation, with two Testaments, better called covenants or agreements between God and his people. Three necessary theological constituents of inspiration: God's causality: The prime mover in inspiration is God. The Bible tells us that "no prophecy ever came by human will, but men and women moved by the Holy Spirit spoke from God (II Peter 1:21). In other words, God revealed and people repeated the revelation orally or in written form. See BCP, p. 236. The Human agency: People play an important role in the overall process of inspiration; they were the means through which God spoke. God used people to convey his propositions. In inspiration, then, God is the original cause, and the human agent is the instrumental cause. Scriptural authority: This is the third and final product of God's causality and the human agency. God not only spoke to the writers of Holy Scripture, but he continues to speak through their God-inspired writing. See BCP, p. 853. A working definition of the doctrine of inspiration might be this: "A process whereby God causes his Word to work through the mind and pen of a human being, without overriding their personality and style, to produce divinely authoritative writings." The Bible has a unifying theme - Redemption: There is a two-fold meaning of the word redemption. it infers deliverance; and it implies a price paid for that deliverance, the ransom. Redemption ultimately is from: the penalty of sin: from the power of Satan and evil, cf, BCP, p. 302; by the price Jesus paid on the cross. How the Books of the Hebrew Bible are Organized (Chart) Part II Introducing The Torah The books of the Bible have not always been numbered or grouped as they are today. The earliest division of the Old Testament was a simple twofold division of Law and Prophets. The first five books were called the Law of Moses and all the other books were called the Prophets. (C.f., the Summary of the Law, BCP, p. 324) The names given to the first five books of the Bible are several: They are called: The Law The Torah The Books of Moses or the Pentateuch. The time covered in the Books of Moses or Torah: Genesis - from the creation to the bondage of Israel in Egypt, about 1860 BC. Exodus - from the sojourn of Israel in Egypt to Mt. Sinai (c. 1860-1447 BC.) Leviticus - one month between Exodus and Numbers Numbers - from Mount Sinai to the end of the forty-years "wandering" (c. 1447-1407 BC) Deuteronomy - from the end of the wandering to after Moses' funeral (about two months). The heart of the Pentateuch is found in the book of Exodus, which deals with the exodus from Egypt and the sojourn at Mount Sinai. All Jewish tradition reaches back to these "root experiences." They constitute the basic understanding of Jewish identity and of the identity and character of God. Covenant and Law Two themes fundamental to the Old Testament: covenant and Law, are closely related. Covenant signifies many things, including an agreement between nations or individuals, but above all it refers to the pact between Yahweh and Israel sealed at Mount Sinai. The language concerning that covenant has much in common with that of ancient Near Eastern treaties; both are sworn agreements sealed by oaths. Yahweh is seen to have taken the initiative in granting the covenant by electing a people. Perhaps the simplest formulation of the covenant is the sentence: ?I will take you for my people, and I will be your God? (Exodus 6:7). The law was understood to have been given as a part of the covenant, the means by which Israel became and remained the people of God. The law contains regulations for behavior in relation to other human beings as well as rules concerning religious practices, but by no means does it give a full set of instructions for life. Rather, it seems to set forth the limits beyond which the people could not go without breaking the covenant. Scholars have recognized in the Hebrew laws two major types of laws, the: apodictic casuistic. Apodictic law is represented Torah Scripture Essays - Book Of Exodus, Covenant, Torah Scripture Introduction to the Torah Scripture Introduction to Scriptures in general and Hebrew Scriptures in particular The Torah A. Introduction to the Torah B. Begin exploring the Torah's themes and content The Torah in the New Testament and the Book of Common Prayer Part I Introduction Scripture In General Doctrine of Inspiration The Bible is: A single Divine revelation, with two Testaments, better called covenants or agreements between God and his people. Three necessary theological constituents of inspiration: God's causality: The prime mover in inspiration is God. The Bible tells us that "no prophecy ever came by human will, but men and women moved by the Holy Spirit spoke from God (II Peter 1:21). In other words, God revealed and people repeated the revelation orally or in written form. See BCP, p. 236. The Human agency: People play an important role in the overall process of inspiration; they were the means through which God spoke. God used people to convey his propositions. In inspiration, then, God is the original cause, and the human agent is the instrumental cause. Scriptural authority: This is the third and final product of God's causality and the human agency. God not only spoke to the writers of Holy Scripture, but he continues to speak through their God-inspired writing. See BCP, p. 853. A working definition of the doctrine of inspiration might be this: "A process whereby God causes his Word to work through the mind and pen of a human being, without overriding their personality and style, to produce divinely authoritative writings." The Bible has a unifying theme - Redemption: There is a two-fold meaning of the word redemption. it infers deliverance; and it implies a price paid for that deliverance, the ransom. Redemption ultimately is from: the penalty of sin: from the power of Satan and evil, cf, BCP, p. 302; by the price Jesus paid on the cross. How the Books of the Hebrew Bible are Organized (Chart) Part II Introducing The Torah The books of the Bible have not always been numbered or grouped as they are today. The earliest division of the Old Testament was a simple twofold division of Law and Prophets. The first five books were called the Law of Moses and all the other books were called the Prophets. (C.f., the Summary of the Law, BCP, p. 324) The names given to the first five books of the Bible are several: They are called: The Law The Torah The Books of Moses or the Pentateuch. The time covered in the Books of Moses or Torah: Genesis - from the creation to the bondage of Israel in Egypt, about 1860 BC. Exodus - from the sojourn of Israel in Egypt to Mt. Sinai (c. 1860-1447 BC.) Leviticus - one month between Exodus and Numbers Numbers - from Mount Sinai to the end of the forty-years "wandering" (c. 1447-1407 BC) Deuteronomy - from the end of the wandering to after Moses' funeral (about two months). The heart of the Pentateuch is found in the book of Exodus, which deals with the exodus from Egypt and the sojourn at Mount Sinai. All Jewish tradition reaches back to these "root experiences." They constitute the basic understanding of Jewish identity and of the identity and character of God. Covenant and Law Two themes fundamental to the Old Testament: covenant and Law, are closely related. Covenant signifies many things, including an agreement between nations or individuals, but above all it refers to the pact between Yahweh and Israel sealed at Mount Sinai. The language concerning that covenant has much in common with that of ancient Near Eastern treaties; both are sworn agreements sealed by oaths. Yahweh is seen to have taken the initiative in granting the covenant by electing a people. Perhaps the simplest formulation of the covenant is the sentence: ?I will take you for my people, and I will be your God? (Exodus 6:7). The law was understood to have been given as a part of the covenant, the means by which Israel became and remained the people of God. The law contains regulations for behavior in relation to other human beings as well as rules concerning religious practices, but by no means does it give a full set of instructions for life. Rather, it seems to set forth the limits beyond which the people could not go without breaking the covenant. Scholars have recognized in the Hebrew laws two major types of laws, the: apodictic casuistic. Apodictic law is represented

Free sample - Abuse of elderly. translation missing

Abuse of elderly. Abuse of elderlyIntroduction This paper defines abuse of elderly giving its categories. It also gives risk factors of elderly abuse, the causes of the abuse and the consequences of elderly abuse. Abuse of elderly This is any act occurring in a relationship where there exist an implication of trust resulting in harm to an older person if form of financial, physical social or sexual abuse and neglect in community or institutional care (Saunders L.2008). Categories of abuse include physical, emotional, sexual, financial, neglect and abuse by system as explained hereunder. Physical abuse is the infliction of pain (injury), physical coercion, or physical or drug induced restraint to an older person. Emotional and verbal abuse is the discrimination based on the age, insults as well as hurtful words, denigration, intimidation, false accusations, psychological pain and distress. Financial abuse is extortion and control of pension money, theft of property and exploitation of older people to force them to care for grandchildren or it is the illegal or improper exploitation or use of funds or resources of the older person. Sexual abuse is incest, rape and other types of sexual coercion or it is non-consensual sexual contact of any kind with the older person. Neglect is the loss of respect for elders, withholding of affection, and lack of interest in the older person’s well-being. Accusations of witchcraft are the stigmatization and os tracization to elderly person. Abuse by systems is the dehumanizing treatment older people are liable to suffer at health clinics and pension offices, and marginalization by the government. (Abuse of elderly) The risk factors for elderly abuse Individual factors: physically aggressive abusers have personality disorders and alcohol-related problems than the general population .Cognitive and physical impairments of the abused person are strongly identified in early studies as risk factors for abuse. Relationship factors: The studies involving caregiver stress, Alzheimer disease and elder abuse suggest that the nature of the relationship between the caregiver and the care recipient before abuse begins is an important predictor of abuse. Stress is a contributing factor in cases of abuse. Community and societal factors: The systems of patrilineal and matrilineal inheritance and land rights affect the distribution of power; the societies’ view the role of women; the erosion of bonds between generations of a family, caused by rural to urban migration and the growth in formal education and the loss, through modernization, of the traditional domestic, ritual and family arbitration roles of older people. Domestic settings: ev idence from studies in developed countries show that a higher proportion of abused elderly people suffer from depression or psychological distress than do their non-abused peers. Other symptoms associated with cases of abuse include feelings of helplessness, alienation, guilt, shame, fear, anxiety, denial and post-traumatic stress. This mistreatment can cause severe interpersonal stress leading to death. Institutions: various people are responsible for the abuse in institutions: a member of the staff, resident, a voluntary visitor, relatives or friends where the prevailing regime of the institution itself is abusive or negligent. (Elder mistreatment). The spectrum of abuse and neglect within institutions spans a considerable range, and are to the following: The provision of care for example, resistance to changes in geriatric medicine, erosion of individuality in the care, inadequate nutrition and deficient nursing care, problems with staffing for example, work-related stress and staff burnout, poor physical working conditions, insufficient training and psychological problems among staff, difficulties in staff ,resident interactions   for example, poor communication, aggressiveness on the part of residents and cultural differences, environment for example, a lack of basic privacy, dilapidated facilities, the use of restraints, inadequate sensory stimulation, and a proneness to accidents within the institution, organizational policies for example, those that operate for the benefit of the institution, giving residents few choices over daily living; bureaucratic or unsympathetic attitudes towards residents; staff shortages or high staff turnover; fraud involving residents’ possessions or money; and lack of a residents’ council or residents’ family council. Anecdotal evidence from India suggests that institutional abuse is often perpetuated by staff through a system of unquestioning regimentation. (Abuse of elderly). Complex factors contributing to elderly abuse include factors such as drug or alcohol problems in the abuser, negative attitude towards the older person, the history of family violence, high dependency of older person on others for their care, intergenerational family violence and stress of ill equipped and poorly supported career (Saunders L.2008). Causes of abuse Social isolation or lack of support can contribute to abuse or neglect; the sufferers of abuse in these situations are unwilling to join programs that encourage social interaction. The role of ageism, discrimination against and stigmatization of older people can cause elder abuse. The marginalization of the elderly is a contributory factor. Prevention strategies Measures that may be useful include the following:   the development and implementation of comprehensive care plans; training for staff; policies and programs to address work related stress among staff; the development of policies and programs to improve the physical and social environment of the institution. (Abuse of elderly) The consequences of elder abuse Older people are physically weaker hence more vulnerable than younger adults since their bones are more brittle and convalescence takes longer. Minor injury can cause serious and permanent damage. Many older people survive on limited incomes hence the loss of even a small sum of money can have a significant impact. They may be isolated, lonely and troubled by illness in which case they are more vulnerable as targets for the fraudulent schemes. (Catherine C. 2006). Indicator of elderly abuse Physical indicators include complaints of being physically assaulted, unexplained falls and injuries, burns and bruises while behavioral and emotional indicators are: change in eating pattern, sleep problems, fear and confusion.   The sexual indicators are complaints of being sexually assaulted, frequent complaints of abdominal pain and unexplained vaginal or anal bleeding and genital infections. (Abuse of elderly) Conclusion The problem of elder abuse cannot be properly solved if the essential needs of older people such as food, shelter, security and access to health care are not met. The nations of the world must create an environment free of abuse and exploitation to elderly people gives them opportunities to participate fully in educational cultural, spiritual and economic activities.

What High Prices for Tea and Coffee Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

What High Prices for Tea and Coffee - Essay Example From this paper, it is clear that the quantity demanded will decrease from Q to Q1 causing the price to also fall from P to P1. However, next month, when prices are anticipated to fall, people will spend more on mobile phones due to lower prices causing the demand curve to shift on the right. This will result in an increase in the quantity demanded followed by an increase in price. A fall in the price of a call made from a mobile phone will cause the demand for mobile phones to increase the usage of mobiles will now become comparatively economical. Consumers will prefer mobile phones over other substitutes; in this case, a landline is the closest substitute, due to lower prices of the call made from a mobile phone. This change will shift the demand curve to its right causing the quantity demanded of mobile phones to rise as shown in the graph above. Due to an increase in the price of a call made from a landline, the demand for landline phones will decrease. People will shift to cheaper alternatives, in this case, mobile phones. Since using the landline is now comparatively costly, people will tend to switch to mobile phones to avail lower prices. This can also be described as the relationship between substitute goods in which one prefers to shift to an alternative due to increase in prices of the existing commodity or service.  Therefore, demand for mobile phone will again shift to the right as depicted in the diagram above. Yes, part (a) of this question illustrates the law of demand as the number of mobile phones demanded was solely affected by the decrease in the price of the mobile phone itself. Law of demand can be best described as the inverse relationship between the price of the good and quantity demanded.  

The Electoral College System Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

The Electoral College System - Essay Example The existence of Electoral College Vote system has ensured that only candidates who win the majority Electoral College votes ascend to power. The Electoral College vote system comprises of 538 electors who determine the occupant of the white house. The presidency of the USA is won by whoever gets 270 of the electors’ votes. Electoral College votes vary in different states and the winner of a state’s majority votes wins all the college electoral votes of that particular state. In Bush vs Al Gore case, Al Gore had won in the popular votes, but there was a fierce disagreement over who won the Florida state. Florida State was to decide the winning candidate in terms of electoral votes. Bush won the majority votes in Florida by being declared popular vote winner in that state. This case was later taken to the Florida court, which ordered a recount, but there was a problem on the method to be used in recounting. However, the case was later taken to the US Supreme Court, which nullified the recount process and later made unsatisfactory decision the ultimate winner was George W. Bush. Considering that even the US Supreme Court justices were divided on this matter, it is unclear whether the decision made was political or was strictly based on judicial grounds. Thanks to Al Gore who conceded defeat having realized that based on the supreme court decision, he only managed 266 electoral votes against Bush’s 271 (Baker 1-3).The Electoral College system is believed to be catering for the minority and special group interests. A candidate must consider these groups since their votes may be a determinant in winning a particular state’s popular votes hence college electoral votes. In addition, the college electoral votes promote political stability by allowing only two major parties to exist.

Effects of Terrorist Attack Essay Example for Free

Effects of Terrorist Attack Essay Although often caused by nature, disasters can have human origins. Often it is the unpredictability of such disasters that causes fear, confusion and stress that have a lasting effect on the affected community. In recent history, the Sept 11th terrorist attack is one such example. This paper will examine the terrorists’ motivation towards committing the attack and the effect it had on the American society. According to Pedahzur (2006), terrorist groups exist for the purpose of planning and executing attacks to accomplish their mission. Included among the objectives of terrorism are demonstrating the group’s power over population and government, exact revenge for perceived persecution and satisfy the group’s vengeance while at the same time gaining publicity for their actions. Accordingly, the September 11 attacks can be interpreted both as a direct signal to the United States to behave in a certain way and as an indirect signal to potential sympathizers that the united states is not invulnerable. Looking at it from this point of view, it can be debated that the most important cause of the terrorist attack was to diminish US prestige in the Arab world by sending the message that the symbols of UC economic, military and political power could be attacked (Pedahzur, 2006). Terrorism can cause cascading effects that can have global effects. As the term alludes, terrorism is designed to evoke fear in its victims. This can lead to psychological as well as social effects, such as suspicion and exclusion of certain religious or ethnic groups even though they may have no association with the terrorist or terrorist organization. Fear for the unknown can cause people to react in an unpredictable manner. Before the attack, of September 11th 2001, Americans did not worry much about terrorism; after the attack, they were extremely worried. This Psychological effect of terrorism brought about hate and racial prejudice in a society that had tolerated diversity (Pedahzur, 2006). Considering the economic effect of the September 11, 2001 terrorist attack can be depressing at times. The U.  S monetary loss as a result of the September 11 attack is estimated at $ 500 billion (Butler, Allison, Panzer Goldfrank, 2003). Besides the loss of a huge number of jobs, the economy of lower Manhattan, which by itself is the third largest business district in the United States, was devastated in the immediate aftermath of the attack. Butler et al (2003), approximate that 30% of lower Manhattan office space was either damaged or destroyed. It is also worthwhile to remember that NASDAQ and the New York Stock Exchange did not open on September 11th till September 17th. This closure of the market was the longest since the great Depression of 1929. In conclusion, Since September 11th 2001, things have not been the same in the United States of America. Thanks to premeditated hate actions by an extremist jihadist group, a lot of lives were lost, people were hurt and property worth billions destroyed in just a few hours. The effect of such actions cannot be overemphasized, and the only protection that innocent citizens have is to hope that such disasters will not occur again.

LITERATURE REVIEW: Theories on Student Attrition :: Essays Papers

LITERATURE REVIEW: Theories on Student Attrition Since the early 70s theorists have pondered the causes of college dropout. Generally referred to as â€Å"student attrition,† this problem has spurred numerous causal theories and theoretical models. Vincent Tinto led the research with his revolutionary 1973 study, which he later revised (1987) amid criticism from other luminaries in the field, most notably Bean, Astin, Terenzini, and Pascarella. It is on the work of these scholars (including also Tinto) that all modern research in the student attrition field is based. I found and will review in brief some of the extensive research from Tinto to the present, including the basic criticisms therein. I will further explain the steps some colleges are currently taking to counteract this increasingly important issue. Little or no research was conducted on student attrition prior to Tinto, and every piece of research I found contained several references to him and his work. Ishitani and DesJardins claim that the majority of research on the subject has been based on Tinto’s model (7), as does Metz in his research review (4). Metz, however, goes on to assert that Tinto’s main source was a certain Rites of Passage, by Arnold van Gennep. Focusing on the anthropological perspective of human â€Å"rites of passage,† van Gennep’s study elucidates the basic human nature behind much of the college experience. Tinto primarily utilizes the chapter entitled â€Å"Initiation Rites† in his model, a chapter in which van Gennep claims â€Å"that physiological puberty and ‘social puberty’ are essentially different† (Gennep 65). Tinto sees the transition from high school to college as a form of this â€Å"social puberty.† Tinto further a rgues that the maturation process is â€Å"marked by three distinct phases or stages, each with its own specialized ceremonies and rituals†¦[e]ach serv[ing] to move individuals from youthful participation to full adult membership in society† (Tinto 92). College, according to van Gennep and Tinto therefore, is simply part of this sociological maturation process. Tinto’s original theory involved five specific factors that contributed to student retention: (1) a student’s pre-entry attributes (prior schooling and family background); (2) goals and commitment (the student’s individual aspirations in the institution); (3) experience at the institution (academics and faculty and peer interactions); (4) external commitments while at the institution; (5) integration both academically and socially (Metz 4).

Analysis of Mc Donald’s Operations

Mac Dona's Case Study McDonald's Is one of the best-known brands worldwide and Its core business being basically fast-food: it specializes in burgers (Big Mac) and fries. While other restaurants stick to their conventional menu will rarely innovate, McDonald's on the other hand has been able to adapt to the local demand in a global environment by catering their menu to the local taste. This continuous product innovation & improvement based on detailed market research has helped keeping the brand ahead of Its competitors and contributed to further enhance the existing reputation f the brand.In order to have this competitive edge. McDonald's has taken some key measures to name a few along the years, namely: Aggressive market research to continuously adapt to the changing needs and tastes of its customer, for e. G. Seeking more food variety and gradually shifting towards healthier eating. Value added services to adapt to people's busy lives with great focus on convenience. More choice a nd better pricing strategy to ensure excellent value for money; for e. G. Extra value meals and combination of menus Process standardization and attention to details to ensure product quality In each and every outlets.Mac Dona's business model has been built on a specific target population (working people, teenagers), I. E. Those in need for fast and inexpensive menu. Now with consumer's becoming more health focus, Mac Dona's asset could be turned into liability as Mac Dona's would be the last based on low-calorie-low-cholesterol menu. Analysis of Mac Dona's Operations By Ayatollah-Shaffer McDonald's is one of the best-known brands worldwide and its core business being basically fast-food; it specializes in burgers (Big Mac) and fries.While other ahead of its competitors and contributed to further enhance the existing reputation of the brand. In order to have this competitive edge, McDonald's has taken some key ensure product quality in each and every outlets. A number of key decisi ons and food items to respond quickly to the fluctuating demands.

Negritude Positive - 1108 Words

Name: Ginea Dean Lecturer: Dr. Ada McKenzie Section: 20 Due Date: February 14th, 2013 Informal Text-Based Argumentative Essay Negritude’s positive? Yes the ideology is, but why must we waste our time searching for our racial identity, heritage, and culture? Why waste our precious time searching for racial identity, when we could use that time to fight for equality between the races? You tell us, when we find our racial identity what then must we do with it? Continue to be restricted from doing certain things and going certain places because of our racial line? I agree with Du Bois’s argument, that racial identification is a hindrance and that it distracts us from the more important goal of fighting for equality between the races.†¦show more content†¦It takes away discrimination, it allows everyone to realize that we are all equal no matter what racial group we belong to or what shade of color our skin is, but to remind us that we are all one. Caste system in The Concept of Race was described to as a dark cave and prison by Du Bois. Displaying how entombed souls are hindered in their development, expression, and natural movement. That racial identity acted as shackles around his feet, what is so funny is that in Leopold Sedar Senghor Negritude: A Humanism of the Twentieth Century negritude was described as being an instrument of freedom. Negritude is not an instrument of liberation, but an ideology that allows us to be aware of our racial identity, heritage and culture. Therefore negritude is just an idea that makes us aware of our race, nothing more nothing less. To destroy the caste system we need equality to release entombed souls so they don’t be hindered from development, expression, and natural movement as well as to break the shackle from around our feet so that we can be truly free. Negritude: A Humanism of the Twentieth Century was challenged by The concept of Race. I say this because in A Humanism of the Twentieth Century negritude was said to be an instrument of liberation but in The Concept of Race it acted as chains around Du Bois feet. The Concept of Race challenges Negritude by stating that you suppose to be an instrument of freedom, butShow MoreRelatedIntellectual Of Electrical Engineering : The Negritude1305 Words   |  6 PagesIntellectual to electrical engineering The Negritude By the end of the 19th century, most of Africans were living under some form of European colonial domination. The history of Africa and its Diaspora was dismissed as insignificant at best, inexistent at worse. Black cultures were ridiculed, stereotyped, and scorned. So the concept of Negritude emerged as the expression of a revolt against the historical situation of French colonialism and racism. Negritude was both a literary and ideological movementRead MoreHistory And Culture Of The Negritude Movement1658 Words   |  7 PagesNegritude refers to a cultural movement that was launched by French-speaking black graduate students back in the 1930s in Paris from Africa and the Caribbean territories of France s colonies. These black intellectuals gathered around issues of black internationalist and race identity initiatives to fight the imperialism by the French government. They found strength in their mutual idea of affirming pride in their shared African heritage and black identity and reclaiming self-respect, self-relianceRead MoreThe Pan Africanism For Beginners1823 Words   |  8 Pagesideals. One instance that stood out to me was the change from The Harlem Renaissance and Negritude. The Harlem Renaissance section ended by listing the names of influential people during the twenties and thirties. There then was a swift change into the next topic of Negritude. 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In the late nineteenth and early twentieth centuries, Europeans similarly believed that Africa lacked a collective historical consciousness (Parker and Rathbone, 2007: 3). However since the negritude movement and the emergence of a vast library of African literature, Africa has firmly established itself in history. It is important that we appreciat e both translations of ‘histoire’ in the context of African literature. Whether we consider it toRead MoreRace, Hegemony, and Cultural Participation1699 Words   |  7 Pagesshe made to participate in the culture of and graduate from Princeton motivates her to support her own community with diligent and sincere efforts for positive change. If Michelle Obama had attended a school in France when she wrote her thesis, the stance she took regarding the Ivy League culture would have been regarded as an expression of Negritude, which is a rejection of Anglo-French colonialism and hegemony, as well as an expression of connection to all individuals with heritage in the AfricanRead More African Diaspora Essay2370 Words   |  10 Pagespre-colonial global dispersion and resettlement of Africans. These communities of relocated Africans identified and maintained a connection with Africa, while still maintaining a Loyalty to their adopted country and making valid and positive contributions. This brings us to a new question, what exactly then are the identities of the African Diaspora and how was that identity forged under (in and after) slavery? Avatar Brah best illuminates the journey of identity Read MoreThe Telephone Conversation by Wole Soyinka2243 Words   |  9 PagesThe Telephone Conversation by Wole Soyinka The Nigerian playwright Wole Soyinka (born 1935) was one of the few African writers to denounce the slogan of Negritude as a tool of autocracy. He also was the first black African to be awarded the Nobel Prize in Literature. Wole Soyinka was born July 13, 1934 in Abeokuta a village on the banks of the River Ogun in the western area of Nigeria. His mother was a Christian convert so devout that he nicknamed her Wild Christian and he father was the scholarlyRead MoreRole of African Elites in Dismantling Decolonization5146 Words   |  21 Pagessmashed with big books. (P Bitek: 1985: 117) In Decolonizing the Mind, Ngugi observes that the lack of congruency between colonial education and Africa s reality created people abstracted from their reality. Little wonder, therefore that the negritude poets try to achieve disalienation through identification with Africa, African values and African origins. They yearn for their lost identity and the lost African heritage. Leon Dumas writes that th e whites have stolen the space that was mine.